You MIGHT be able to gently scrap the inside to break all those bubbles, then once everything is dry, but another LIGHT coat over the inside.
Gotta ask.... is the furnace cement covering Kawool? If so, then you applied it way too heavy. If your going to coat another insulator (ceramic blanket) the best way to do is to take the furnace cement, ITC, or whatever your using, and thin it down with a LITTLE water until it's about the consistency of latex paint. Spritz the inside of the kawool with water in a spray bottle (old windex bottle of something similar) then use a cheap paint brush to "paint" the coating onto the kawool. It will still take about 3-4 days for it to cure, but it will take a lot less time than the heavy coating in the photos....plus you won't have to use nearly as much of whatever you coat with.