Go on down to the heat treating forum and read the sticky at the top of the page. It's actually a few articles dealing with heat treating. Heat treating is actually anything that is done to manipulate the crystaline structure of the steel, even when it has to do with extreme cold. Some confuse the terms heat treating with hardening. As Laurence and Broomhead have stated steels for knife blades have to be hardened by austinzing and quenching then have that hardness reduced by tempering. For all practical purposes they both have to be done and in that order. You can worry about the exceptions after you get some experience under your belt. You won't run into them with the steels normally use for blades anyhow. Anyway, you would be dealing with a situation that is possible but not recommended.
Doug